Tadalafil protector effect during ischemia-reperfusion in rats

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate histological parameters in rat renal tissue after tadalafil use during hot ischemia for 45 minutes and reperfusion for 24 hours. Methods: Twenty rats were divided into 2 groups. In the experimental group 10 mg/kg of tadalafil was used per gavage before the procedure. All cases underwent left partial nephrectomy, followed by 45 minutes of warm ischemia. Left nephrectomy of the remaining kidney was performed after 24 hours from the initial procedure. The histological parameters analyzed were: detachment of tubular cells, accumulation of desquamated cells in the proximal tubule, loss of brush border, tubular cylinders, interstitial edema, leukocyte infiltration, capillary congestion, vacuolization, tubular dilatation, necrosis and collapse of the capillary tuft. Results: Two rats from each group died and were excluded from the study. Tadalafil significantly reduced leukocyte infiltration (p = 0.036). The remaining histological parameters did not show statistical difference between the groups. Conclusion: The use of tadalafil during warm ischemia and reperfusion demonstrates statistically significant reduction of leukocyte infiltration in the renal interstitium.

Influence of chlorpromazine on renal histology of rats submitted to ischemia and reperfusion injury

ABSTRACT PURPOSE: To analyze the influence of chlorpromazine on renal histology of rats submitted to ischemia and reperfusion injury. METHODS: Sixteen Wistar rats - split in two groups - have been used: control group, receiving 3 mg/kg isotonic saline solution through caudal vein, and, the chlorpromazine group, receiving 3 mg/kg-IV of such medication. The nephrectomy of the left kidney lower third was carried out; immediately, the test-drug was administrated. After 15 minutes of test-drug administration, the renal pedicle was clamped; in 60 minutes of ischemia it was released. After 24 hours of the renal reperfusion, the rats were, once more, anesthetized and submitted to total left nephrectomy, and, afterwards, to euthanasia. Histological findings regarding ischemia have been evaluated and compared between the groups. RESULTS: There was no statistical difference related to inferior renal pole histological analysis. Regarding 60-minute renal ischemia, chlorpromazine has statistically reduced the accrual of leucocytes within the vasa recta renis (p=0.036) and the congestion of peritubular capillaries (p=0.041). When conducting joint analysis of histological patterns, the control group showed a median score of 11 and chlorpromazine group of 5.5 (p=0.036). CONCLUSION: Chlorpromazine significantly reduced the occurrence of secondary damage to ischemia and reperfusion process in the overall histological analysis.

Influência da técnica de anestesia no tempo de ocupação de sala cirúrgica nas operações anorretais / Influence of the anesthetic technique on the time spent in operating rooms in anorectal procedures

INTRODUÇÃO: atualmente cerca de 90 por cento das operações anorretais são realizadas em regime ambulatorial. A técnica anestésica é fator fundamental na busca de reduzido tempo de internação, agilidade no ambiente cirúrgico e redução de custos nestes procedimentos. Não há consenso na literatura sobre qual o melhor tipo de anestesia para essas operações. OBJETIVO: comparar o tempo de ocupação de sala cirúrgica em pacientes submetidos a operações anorretais através da técnica de raquianestesia com bupivacaína 0,5 por cento isobárica comparada com a técnica de anestesia venosa com propofol associada ao bloqueio perianal local com lidocaína a 2 por cento e bupivacaína 0,5 por cento. MÉTODOS: Foram incluídos 99 pacientes divididos em 2 grupos: grupo I (raquianestesia), composto por 50 pacientes e grupo II (anestesia combinada), composto por 49 pacientes. Foram estudados os procedimentos cirúrgicos e o tempo de procedimento anestésico-cirúrgico, e medida indireta da ocupação da sala cirúrgica. RESULTADOS: Não houve diferença estatística significativa entre os grupos estudados em relação ao tipo de procedimento cirúrgico, sexo e idade. O tempo médio do procedimento anestésico-cirúrgico, no grupo I foi de 53,1 min e de 44,08 min no grupo II (p=0,034). CONCLUSÕES: As duas técnicas estudadas foram eficazes. Houve menor tempo de procedimento anestésico-cirúrgico nos pacientes operados com anestesia combinada, com significância estatística.

INTRODUCTION: around ninety percent of anorectal surgical procedures are performed as day cases. The choice of a proper anesthetic technique is important to achieve reduced time in the operating rooms, hospital stay and low costs. There is no evidence in the literature that a superior type of anesthesia for these procedures exists. OBJECTIVE: to compare the time spent on operating rooms in patients submitted to anorectal surgical procedures through spinal anesthesia (0,5 percent bupivacaine) with combined anesthesia (propofol and local perineal block with 2 percent lidocaine and 0,5 percent bupivacaine). METHODS: Fifty patients were operated with spinal anesthesia (group one) and forty-nine patients were operated with combined anesthesia (group two). The type of anorectal procedure and the time spent on anesthetic and surgical procedures were analyzed. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the studied groups regarding the type of operation, gender and age. The time of anesthetic and surgical procedures was 53,1 minutes in group one and 44,08 minutes in group two (p=0,034). CONCLUSIONS: These anesthetic techniques had similar efficacy. There was a lower time of anesthetic and surgical procedures in the combined anesthesia group, with statistical significance.

Andropausa: diagnóstico, tratamento e reposição hormonal / Andropause: diagnosis, treatment and hormone replacement

Com o aumento da espectativa de vida da população, o problema da deficiência androgênica é cada vez mais prevalente. O tratamento com reposição de andrógenos pode ser efetivo, porém para ser empregado é necessário o correto diagnóstico da deficiência hormonal, tanto clínico como laboratorial. Faz-se necessário também, o acompanhamento do paciente, uma vez que doses supra-fisiológicas dos androgênios são prejudiciais a vários sistemas do organismo. A reposição hormonal tem algumas contra-indicações, como a presença de adenocarcinoma de próstata e sintomas prostáticos obstrutivos graves, o que torna importante uma correta avaliação clínica prévia. Devido ao fato de existirem várias apresentações framacológicas de andrógenos, com diferentes efeitos colaterais, devem ser empregadas preferentemente formas individualziadas de avaliação e tratamento.